linux下JavaWeb开发环境搭建

web开发基本环境安装配置

JavaWeb开发中生产环境一般都为linux，因此我们要具有在linux环境下搭建基本的JavaWeb开发常用环境的能力，本篇博客介绍的是linux环境下jdk的安装，tomcat的安装，及mysql数据库的安装

jdk的安装

到oracle官网下载linux版本jdk安装包上传到/root目录下

解压，指定存放位置

#解压jdk文件:  
tar zxvf jdk-7u79-linux-x64.gz
#创建jdk的实际安装目录
mkdir  /usr/local/java
#将解压后的文件复制到安装目录中
mv ./jdk1.7.0_79/ /usr/local/java
#配置环境变量
vi /etc/profile

配置环境变量(注意要与自己的目录匹配)
在profile文件中追加如下内容:

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.7.0_79
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME
export PATH
export CLASSPATH

执行如下命令使环境变量生效:

1	source /etc/profile

测试是否成功
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java
javac
java -version

tomcat的安装

将tomcat安装包上传到linux中

解压，转移

# 解压
tar zfvx apache-tomcat-7.0.68.tar.gz
# 移动
mv ./apache-tomcat-7.0.68 /usr/local/tomcat
#启动
cd /usr/local/tomcat/bin
 ./startup.sh

添加防火墙端口(8080)

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vi  /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# 在打开的文件中加入如下内容
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT

测试，访问
浏览器访问 http://ip_or__domain:8080/

mysql的安装

下载与安装

下载mysql的源码包，选项如下图所示:

制作安装脚本
新建一个名称为mysql_install_offline.sh的文本文件，将下面的文本内容复制到新建的文本中,要注意文本中mysql_6_version是你下载的源码包的版本,dbrootpwd代表数据库密码

 #!/bin/bash
yum install bison cmake gcc make ncurses perl wget
# Notes: install mysql5.6 on centos
#
mysql_install_dir=/usr/mysql
mysql_data_dir=/data/mysql
mysql_6_version=5.6.38
dbrootpwd=123456
Mem=`free -m | awk '/Mem:/{print $2}'`
Swap=`free -m | awk '/Swap:/{print $2}'`
Install_MySQL-5-6()
{
yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel  ncurses-devel
#wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-${mysql_6_version}.tar.gz
id -u mysql >/dev/null 2>&1
[ $? -ne 0 ] && useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
mkdir -p $mysql_data_dir;chown mysql.mysql -R $mysql_data_dir
tar zxf mysql-${mysql_6_version}.tar.gz
cd mysql-$mysql_6_version
make clean
[ ! -d "$mysql_install_dir" ] && mkdir -p $mysql_install_dir
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$mysql_install_dir \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=$mysql_data_dir \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DENABLE_DTRACE=0 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
make -j `grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`
make install
if [ -d "$mysql_install_dir/support-files" ];then
    echo "${CSUCCESS}MySQL install successfully! ${CEND}"
    cd ..
    rm -rf mysql-$mysql_6_version
else
    rm -rf $mysql_install_dir
    echo "${CFAILURE}MySQL install failed, Please contact the author! ${CEND}"
    kill -9 $$
fi
/bin/cp $mysql_install_dir/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
cd ..
# my.cf
[ -d "/etc/mysql" ] && /bin/mv /etc/mysql{,_bk}
cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = $mysql_install_dir
datadir = $mysql_data_dir
pid-file = $mysql_data_dir/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4
skip-name-resolve
skip-external-locking
#skip-networking
back_log = 300
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 128
max_allowed_packet = 4M
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 8M
query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 10
log_error = $mysql_data_dir/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
#slow_query_log_file = $mysql_data_dir/mysql-slow.log
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
#lower_case_table_names = 1
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
#default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 64M
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
EOF
if [ $Mem -gt 1500 -a $Mem -le 2500 ];then
    sed -i 's@^thread_cache_size.*@thread_cache_size = 16@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^query_cache_size.*@query_cache_size = 16M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*@myisam_sort_buffer_size = 16M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^key_buffer_size.*@key_buffer_size = 16M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*@innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^tmp_table_size.*@tmp_table_size = 32M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^table_open_cache.*@table_open_cache = 256@' /etc/my.cnf
elif [ $Mem -gt 2500 -a $Mem -le 3500 ];then
    sed -i 's@^thread_cache_size.*@thread_cache_size = 32@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^query_cache_size.*@query_cache_size = 32M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*@myisam_sort_buffer_size = 32M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^key_buffer_size.*@key_buffer_size = 64M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*@innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^tmp_table_size.*@tmp_table_size = 64M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^table_open_cache.*@table_open_cache = 512@' /etc/my.cnf
elif [ $Mem -gt 3500 ];then
    sed -i 's@^thread_cache_size.*@thread_cache_size = 64@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^query_cache_size.*@query_cache_size = 64M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^myisam_sort_buffer_size.*@myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^key_buffer_size.*@key_buffer_size = 256M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^innodb_buffer_pool_size.*@innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^tmp_table_size.*@tmp_table_size = 128M@' /etc/my.cnf
    sed -i 's@^table_open_cache.*@table_open_cache = 1024@' /etc/my.cnf
fi
$mysql_install_dir/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=$mysql_install_dir --datadir=$mysql_data_dir
chown mysql.mysql -R $mysql_data_dir
service mysqld start
[ -z "`grep ^'export PATH=' /etc/profile`" ] && echo "export PATH=$mysql_install_dir/bin:\$PATH" >> /etc/profile
[ -n "`grep ^'export PATH=' /etc/profile`" -a -z "`grep $mysql_install_dir /etc/profile`" ] && sed -i "s@^export PATH=\(.*\)@export PATH=$mysql_install_dir/bin:\1@" /etc/profile
. /etc/profile
$mysql_install_dir/bin/mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to root@'127.0.0.1' identified by \"$dbrootpwd\" with grant option;"
$mysql_install_dir/bin/mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to root@'localhost' identified by \"$dbrootpwd\" with grant option;"
$mysql_install_dir/bin/mysql -uroot -p$dbrootpwd -e "delete from mysql.user where Password='';"
$mysql_install_dir/bin/mysql -uroot -p$dbrootpwd -e "delete from mysql.db where User='';"
$mysql_install_dir/bin/mysql -uroot -p$dbrootpwd -e "delete from mysql.proxies_priv where Host!='localhost';"
$mysql_install_dir/bin/mysql -uroot -p$dbrootpwd -e "drop database test;"
$mysql_install_dir/bin/mysql -uroot -p$dbrootpwd -e "reset master;"
rm -rf /etc/ld.so.conf.d/{mysql,mariadb,percona}*.conf
echo "$mysql_install_dir/lib" > mysql.conf
/sbin/ldconfig
service mysqld stop
}
Install_MySQL-5-6

将源码包及及脚本上传到linux中
例如我这里将两个文件上传到了/root中，关于如何上传，查看上一篇博客

执行脚本安装mysql

cd /root
#使脚本具有可执行的权限
chmod +x mysql_install_offline.sh
#执行之前安装autoconf库，此包安装时会安装Data:Dumper模块
yum -y install autoconf
#执行安装脚本
./mysql_install_offline.sh

添加mysql端口号(3306)到防火墙中

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vi  /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# 在打开的文件中加入如下内容
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

配置外网Navicat可访问

如果按照以上步骤安装完成后，本地的Navicat无法连接，参考以下步骤

确认开启mysql数据库的服务(解决连接报10038)
在终端下输入：
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/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld status
查看MySQL状态，看看是否运行，若没有运行的话就输入如下命令初始化数据库：
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/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
无法使用数据库命令
mysql -u root -p 此项报错 -bash: mysql: command not found
这是类似于windows中的环境变量没有配置，执行linux命令默认会去/usr/local/bin下去找所以配置一个映射，操作步骤如下:
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cd /usr/local/bin
ln -fs /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
#如果报usr/bin/mysql不存在，切换到usr/bin执行如下命令
ln -fs /usr/mysql/bin/mysql

解决连接报1130
ERROR 1130: Host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server
猜想是无法给远程连接的用户权限问题，按如下方式操作:
在本机登入mysql后，更改 “mysql” 数据库里的 “user” 表里的 “host” 项，从”localhost”改称’%’即可,命令如下:

# 以权限用户root登录
mysql -u root -p
#查看mysql库中的user表的host值（即可进行连接访问的主机/IP名称）
use mysql;
select host from user where user='root';
# 如果已经有%则无需更新
# 修改host值（以通配符%的内容增加主机/IP地址），当然也可以直接增加IP地址  
update user set host = '%' where user ='root';
# 如果报Duplicate entry '%-root' for key 'PRIMARY'错说明表中已存在%，刷新下权限
# 刷新MySQL的系统权限相关表
flush privileges;
# 再重新查看user表时，是否有修改
select host from user where user='root';

重启mysql服务

1	/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld restart

搞完上述3步后使用Navicat for MySQL链接，如果失败就继续上网查找其他解决方法吧

web开发常用linux命令

防火墙命令

一般我们访问远程主机上的程序，如数据库，tomcat服务器，zookeeper等，如果未在防火墙中添加端口，可能无法访问，临时简单的解决方式就是关闭防火墙，这里简单介绍防火墙相关简单命令
永久性生效，重启后不会复原，命令如下:

 # 开启
chkconfig iptables on
 # 关闭
chkconfig iptables off

即时生效，重启后复原,命令如下:

查看防火墙状态
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service iptables status
开启防火墙
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service iptables start
关闭防火墙
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service iptables stop

tomcat命令

查看日志

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# 切换到tomcat安装主目录
cd tomcat
tail -f  logs/catalina.out

杀掉tomcat进程

# 8080代表tomcat的端口号 查看listen的进程号
netstat -nap|grep 8080
# 杀掉进程 pid是listen的进程号
kill pid

mysql相关命令

mysql服务启动命令

1 2	# mysql服务启动/停止/重启 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start/stop/restart

运行sql文件

1 2	# 登入数据库后切换到数据库，执行sql文件 source /path/xxx.sql

导出数据库

1 2	# mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 > 导出的文件名 mysqldump -u root -p db_name > db_name.sql

导出表

1 2	# mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名该数据库下的表名> 导出的文件名 mysqldump -u root -p db_name tablename> tablename.sql

创建用户和授权命令

# 创建用户    
CREATE USER 'user1'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
# 授权
grant all privileges on 想授权的数据库.* to 'user1'@'%';
# 刷新权限
flush privilege;

上面的%表示哪些ip可以访问

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'%' - 所有情况都能访问
‘localhost’ - 本机才能访问
’127.0.0.1‘ - 指定 ip 才能访问

上面的all表示所有权限，可以具体指定

1	all 可以替换为 select,delete,update,create,drop

linux命令

tree命令以树形式查看文件

# 安装
yum -y install tree
#一般使用直接tree即可
tree